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A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons (especially prison farms). Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators.
Arbeitslager (German pronunciation: [ˈʔaʁbaɪtsˌlaːɡɐ]) is a German language word which means labor camp. Under Nazism, the German government (and its private-sector, Axis, and collaborator partners) used forced labor extensively, starting in the 1930s but most especially during World War II.
Between 1930 and 1960, the Soviet regime created many labour camps in Siberia and Central Asia. [52] [53] There were at least 476 separate camp complexes, each one comprising hundreds, even thousands of individual camps. [54] It is estimated that there may have been 5–7 million people in these camps at any one time.
Although most of them fit the definition of forced labor, only labor camps, and labor colonies were associated with punitive forced labor in detention. [4] Forced labor camps ("GULAG camps") were hard regime camps, whose inmates were serving more than three-year terms.
eliminating Forced Labor Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine — Bureau of International Labor Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor; Slavery in the 21st century—BBC; Sex trade's reliance on forced labour—BBC; China's Forced Labour Camps—Laogai Research Foundation; The ILO Special Action Programme to combat Forced Labour (SAP-FL)
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A list of Gulag penal labor camps in the USSR was created in Poland from the personal accounts of labor camp detainees of Polish citizenship. It was compiled by the government of Poland for the purpose of regulation and future financial compensation for World War II victims, and published in a decree of the Council of Ministers of Poland. [2]
In 1942, all non-Germans living in the General Government were subject to forced labor. [10] The largest number of labour camps held civilians forcibly abducted in the occupied countries (see Łapanka) to provide labour in the German war industry, repair bombed railroads and bridges, or work on farms.