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Elevated alpha-fetoprotein refers to a state where alpha-fetoprotein levels are outside of the reference range. There are two categories of AFP tests: tests performed on serum (blood plasma), and tests performed on amniotic fluid. Tests performed on serum are further categorized by the reason for performing the test: maternal serum, adult tumor ...
Very high AFP levels may be subject to hooking (see Tumor marker), which results in the level being reported significantly lower than the actual concentration. [29] This is important for analysis of a series of AFP tumor marker tests, e.g. in the context of post-treatment early surveillance of cancer survivors, where the rate of decrease of AFP ...
Tumor marker Associated tumor types Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) germ cell tumor, hepatocellular carcinoma [9] CA15-3: breast cancer [10] CA27.29: breast cancer [11] CA19-9: Mainly pancreatic cancer, but also colorectal cancer and other types of gastrointestinal cancer. [12] CA-125
In pregnant people AFP levels rise at 14 weeks until 32 weeks, and range between 10 and 150 ng/mL in the middle of gestation. This is why AFP can be used alongside other tests as a tumor marker protein in adults. [12] AFP is a single polypeptide chain with a half-life of 4–5 days.
These proteins are often measurable in the blood of individuals with cancer and may be used to both diagnose and follow treatment of the tumors. One example of an oncofetal antigen is alpha-fetoprotein , which is produced by hepatocellular carcinoma and some germ cell tumors .
Studies have shown that AFP-L3% test results of more than 10% can be indicative of early HCC [citation needed] or early nonseminomatous germ cell tumor. [ 1 ] Early testimonials from hepatologists indicate that there is a target patient population for the AFP-L3% assay.