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Rotating bolt is a method of locking the breech (or rear barrel) of a firearm closed for firing. Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse developed the first rotating bolt firearm, the "Dreyse needle gun", in 1836. The Dreyse locked using the bolt handle rather than lugs on the bolt head like the Mauser M 98 or M16.
The bolt drops down into receiver recess and locks on bolt closing. Tilting the bolt up and down locks-unlocks in the breech. This tilting allows gas pressure in the barrel from firing the gun to lower to safe levels before the cartridge case is ejected. For handgun design, the tilting barrel as used in the Browning, is a similar operating ...
It has a locking collet that consists claw-like segments instead of ball bearings. The multiple claws provide a large contact area to distribute load. These are arranged radially around the axis of the bolt. They extend to lock the bolt by engaging with an annular groove in the barrel behind the chamber and are retracted to unlock the bolt. [32 ...
The most common locking mechanism on rifles is a rotating bolt, which can be classified as a rigid type of bolt lock. Semi-rigid bolt locks have their locking elements movably mounted on either the bolt, barrel or breech housing and using a bolt carrier. Examples of semi-rigid bolt locks are roller-locked bolts, or ball bearings as on Heym SR ...
The fourth barrel is from a Glock (which uses the SIG Sauer system). CZ model 52 roller locking system. The photograph on the right is of a different type of locking system. This one is the Beretta Rotary locking system found in their PX Four Storm handgun. The next photograph on the right is of the CZ model 52 showing a roller locking system.
When chambering a fresh cartridge the bolt head is used to push out the rollers. For that the bolt head ends in an angled/oblique wedge to smoothly move the rollers outwards into their lockup position. Roller locking is used by the CZ 52 pistol. The slide, barrel, locking piece, and rollers are shown here.