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Porringers are also used less and less, as a bowl will suffice for most people; porringers, however, are still circulated, mainly as a Christening-gift. A second, modern usage, for the term porringer is a double saucepan similar to a bain-marie used for cooking porridge. The porridge is cooked gently in the inner saucepan, heated by steam from ...
used as a portable autoclave Biological and chemical indicators: Used to ascertain if a certain process has been completed, e.g. spores used in an autoclave are killed if autoclaving is properly done Filters: •Candle filter: used as household water filters and as filters for large particles in the laboratories
CDCs are homologous to the MACPF family of pore-forming toxins, and it is suggested that both families use a common mechanism (Fig 4). [32] Eukaryote MACPF proteins function in immune defence and are found in proteins such as perforin and complement C9 [ 34 ] though perivitellin-2 is a MACPF attached to a delivery lectin that has enterotoxic ...
Tyndallization is a process from the nineteenth century for sterilizing substances, usually food, named after its inventor John Tyndall, that can be used to kill heat-resistant endospores. Although now considered dated, it is still occasionally used. [citation needed]
Genetic testing, such as via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA microarray, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification, may be used to detect whether bacteria possess genes which confer antibiotic resistance. [9] [23] An example is the use of PCR to detect the mecA gene for beta-lactam resistant Staphylococcus aureus. [9]
A 2' x 4' petri plate filled with 14L (liters) of seaweed derived agar medium created by Harvard scientists that was used to see how E. coli evolved to be resistant to antibiotics. The mega plate also helped study more unique concepts of microbiology such as parallel evolution, mutation selection, colonial interference etc. [13]
A close up of an inoculation needle. An inoculation needle is a laboratory equipment used in the field of microbiology to transfer and inoculate living microorganisms. [1] [full citation needed] It is one of the most commonly implicated biological laboratory tools and can be disposable or re-usable. [1]
It is used by all types of bacteria, as well as archaea, and chloroplasts and mitochondria of plants. [12] In bacteria, the Tat system exports proteins from the cytoplasm across the inner cell membrane; whereas in chloroplasts, it is present in the thylakoid membrane where it aids the import of proteins from the stroma. [ 13 ]