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Laird is a Scottish hereditary feudal dignity ranking below a Scottish Baron but above an Esquire; Esquire is a rank of gentry originally derived from Squire and indicating the status of an attendant to a knight, an apprentice knight, or a manorial lord; [45] it ranks below Knight (or in Scotland below Laird) but above Gentleman. [e] [f]
A duke thus outranks all other holders of titles of nobility (marquess, earl, viscount and baron or lord of parliament). The wife of a duke is known as a duchess, which is also the title of a woman who holds a dukedom in her own right, referred to as a duchess suo jure ; her spouse, however, does not receive any title.
In the Peerage of England, the title of duke was created 74 times (using 40 different titles: the rest were recreations).Three times a woman was created a duchess in her own right; Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, chief mistress of Charles II of England, Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch, wife of Charles II's eldest illegitimate son, the Duke of Monmouth, and Cecilia Underwood ...
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranked below princes and grand dukes.
Members of the peerage carry the titles of duke, marquess, earl, viscount or baron (in Scotland historically lord of parliament). British peers are sometimes referred to generically as lords , although individual dukes are not so styled when addressed or by reference, and those holding some offices are afford the title "Lord" by courtesy.
Aslan, the deity and the Great Lion of Narnia, is described as being "the High King above all High Kings", meaning he is the highest king over all rulers of Narnia. In J. R. R. Tolkien 's works, mainly The Silmarillion , there was a succession of high kings of the Noldor exiled in Middle-earth , beginning with Fingolfin and culminating in Gil ...
1st Duke of Bolton, 6th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire: Francis Paulet c. 1645 –1695/1696: Charles Paulet 1661–1722 2nd Duke of Bolton, 7th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire: Norton Paulet c. 1679 –1741: Charles Powlett 1685–1754 3rd Duke of Bolton, 8th Marquess of Winchester and Earl of Wiltshire: Harry Powlett ...
(The above-mentioned Robert de Vere was created Marquess of Dublin and Duke of Ireland, but both of these were titles in the Peerage of England, not Ireland.) The Marquess of Waterford (created 1791) is the oldest surviving Irish marquessate, currently held by Henry Beresford, 9th Marquess of Waterford .