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The bridge and torch problem (also known as The Midnight Train [1] and Dangerous crossing [2]) is a logic puzzle that deals with four people, a bridge and a torch. It is in the category of river crossing puzzles , where a number of objects must move across a river, with some constraints.
Hashiwokakero (橋をかけろ Hashi o kakero; lit. "build bridges!") is a type of logic puzzle published by Nikoli. [1] It has also been published in English under the name Bridges or Chopsticks (based on a mistranslation: the hashi of the title, 橋, means bridge; hashi written with another character, 箸, means chopsticks).
By way of specifying the logical task unambiguously, solutions involving either reaching an island or mainland bank other than via one of the bridges, or; accessing any bridge without crossing to its other end; are explicitly unacceptable. Euler proved that the problem has no solution.
A river crossing puzzle is a type of puzzle in which the object is to carry items from one river bank to another, usually in the fewest trips. The difficulty of the puzzle may arise from restrictions on which or how many items can be transported at the same time, or which or how many items may be safely left together. [ 1 ]
The two solutions with the vertical axis denoting time, and brown, grey, green and beige paths denoting the wolf, goat, cabbage and boat, respectively The first step that must be taken is to let the goat go across the river, as any other actions will result in the goat or the cabbage being eaten.
In the missionaries and cannibals problem, three missionaries and three cannibals must cross a river using a boat which can carry at most two people, under the constraint that, for both banks, if there are missionaries present on the bank, they cannot be outnumbered by cannibals (if they were, the cannibals would eat the missionaries).
In its art, a troll is seen looming over three goats on a bridge. The tale also comes into play during the first King's Quest (1983) game. A troll is guarding a bridge Graham needs to cross. The optimum solution to the puzzle is to lure a goat over to the bridge. Upon seeing the troll, the goat is angered, and butts it into the river below.
The solution line must cross over each "wall" exactly once, where "cross over" means to pass completely from one to the other of the two rooms that are separated by the "wall", or from a room to the area outside the drawing. This precludes "crossing" two walls at the same time by drawing the solution line through the corner at which they meet.