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Chronic pain is also described as the pain experienced when the child reports a headache, abdominal pain, back pain, generalized pain, or a combination of these. Chronic pain can develop from disease or injury and co-occur with acute pain. Children who experience chronic pain can have psychological effects.
Wall & Melzack's Textbook of Pain is a medical textbook published by Elsevier. It is named after Patrick David Wall and Ronald Melzack, who introduced the gate control theory into pain research in the 1960s. First released in 1984, the book has been described as "the most comprehensive scientific reference text in the field of pain medicine". [1]
Experimental subjects challenged by acute pain and patients in chronic pain experience impairments in attention control, working memory capacity, mental flexibility, problem solving, and information processing speed. [37] Pain is also associated with increased depression, anxiety, fear, and anger. [38]
An important component of school support for many children with chronic pain is peer education. These children often face bullying and exclusion from peers, especially when they have visible markers of disability (i.e. a wheelchair) or are unable to participate in school activities (i.e. physical education classes or recess games). [48]
The psychiatric assessment of a child or adolescent starts with obtaining a psychiatric history by interviewing the young person and his/her parents or caregivers. The assessment includes a detailed exploration of the current concerns about the child's emotional or behavioral problems, the child's physical health and development, history of parental care (including possible abuse and neglect ...
Children who are under stress, experiencing loss or grief, or have other underlying disorders are at a higher risk for depression. Childhood depression is often comorbid with mental disorders outside of other mood disorders, most commonly anxiety disorder and conduct disorder. Highlighting the pivotal role of adolescence and young adulthood ...
Undertreatment of pain is the absence of pain management therapy for a person in pain when treatment is indicated. [citation needed]Consensus in evidence-based medicine and the recommendations of medical specialty organizations establish the guidelines which determine the treatment for pain which health care providers ought to offer. [1]
Another problem with pain management is that pain is the body's natural way of communicating a problem. [6] Pain is supposed to resolve as the body heals itself with time and pain management. [6] Sometimes pain management covers a problem, and the patient might be less aware that they need treatment for a deeper problem. [6]