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Unit fractions can also be expressed using negative exponents, as in 2 −1, which represents 1/2, and 2 −2, which represents 1/(2 2) or 1/4. A dyadic fraction is a common fraction in which the denominator is a power of two , e.g. 1 / 8 = 1 / 2 3 .
One half is the rational number that lies midway between 0 and 1 on the number line. Multiplication by one half is equivalent to division by two, or "halving"; conversely, division by one half is equivalent to multiplication by two, or "doubling".
For example, 1 / 4 , 5 / 6 , and −101 / 100 are all irreducible fractions. On the other hand, 2 / 4 is reducible since it is equal in value to 1 / 2 , and the numerator of 1 / 2 is less than the numerator of 2 / 4 . A fraction that is reducible can be reduced by dividing both the numerator ...
Today, a more standard phrasing of Archimedes' proposition is that the partial sums of the series 1 + 1 / 4 + 1 / 16 + ⋯ are: + + + + = +. This form can be proved by multiplying both sides by 1 − 1 / 4 and observing that all but the first and the last of the terms on the left-hand side of the equation cancel in pairs.
[2] [3] Thus, in the expression 1 + 2 × 3, the multiplication is performed before addition, and the expression has the value 1 + (2 × 3) = 7, and not (1 + 2) × 3 = 9. When exponents were introduced in the 16th and 17th centuries, they were given precedence over both addition and multiplication and placed as a superscript to the right of ...
where c 1 = 1 / a 1 , c 2 = a 1 / a 2 , c 3 = a 2 / a 1 a 3 , and in general c n+1 = 1 / a n+1 c n . Second, if none of the partial denominators b i are zero we can use a similar procedure to choose another sequence { d i } to make each partial denominator a 1:
1 ⁄ 7: 0.142... Vulgar Fraction One Seventh 2150 8528 ⅑ 1 ⁄ 9: 0.111... Vulgar Fraction One Ninth 2151 8529 ⅒ 1 ⁄ 10: 0.1 Vulgar Fraction One Tenth 2152 8530 ⅓ 1 ⁄ 3: 0.333... Vulgar Fraction One Third 2153 8531 ⅔ 2 ⁄ 3: 0.666... Vulgar Fraction Two Thirds 2154 8532 ⅕ 1 ⁄ 5: 0.2 Vulgar Fraction One Fifth 2155 8533 ⅖ 2 ...
Simplification is the process of replacing a mathematical expression by an equivalent one that is simpler (usually shorter), according to a well-founded ordering. Examples include: