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Scottish philosopher and historian David Hume did not write directly of the First Crusade, but his The History of England [169] described the Crusades as the "nadir of Western civilization." This view was continued by Edward Gibbon in his History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, excerpted as The Crusades, A.D. 1095–1261.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...
Climax of the First Crusade Archived 2005-11-01 at the Wayback Machine Detailed examanination by J. Arthur McFall originally appeared in Military History magazine. Asbridge, Thomas S. (2004). The First Crusade: A New History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-7432-2084-2. Asbridge, Thomas (2012). The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land ...
Route of the First Crusade through Asia. The First Crusade march down the Mediterranean coast, from recently taken Antioch to Jerusalem, started on 13 January 1099.During the march the Crusaders encountered little resistance, as local rulers preferred to make peace with them and furnish them with supplies rather than fight, with a notable exception of the aborted siege of Arqa. [1]
The success of the First Crusade that began the Crusading movement and the century was seen as astonishing. The explanation for this was given that it was only possible through the will of God. [73] Paschal II, who reigned as pope from 1099-1118, showed special interest in crusading, especially in Spain. Paschal II offered remission of sins to ...
Thomas Asbridge's The First Crusade: A New History (2004) [11] is among the standard references used today. [12] [2] [13] [14] People's Crusade (1096) A prelude to the First Crusade led by Peter the Hermit, the first of what is known as the Popular Crusades. It is sometimes regarded as an integral part of the First Crusade, with the Princes ...
First editions (publ. Cambridge University Press) A History of the Crusades by Steven Runciman, published in three volumes during 1951–1954 (vol.I - The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem; vol. II - The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187; vol. III - The Kingdom of Accre and the Later Crusades), is an influential work in the historiography of the ...
The People's Crusade was the beginning phase of the First Crusade whose objective was to retake the Holy Land, and Jerusalem in particular, from Islamic rule. In 1095, after the head of the Roman Catholic Church Pope Urban II started to urge faithful Christians to undertake an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem, the People's Crusade was conducted for roughly six months from April to October 1096.