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Lente insulin (derived from the Italian word lento, meaning "slow"), also known as insulin zinc suspension, was an intermediate-acting insulin that is no longer used in humans. [113] Its effects begin one to two hours after administration, with peak activity occurring approximately 8 to 12 hours post-injection, and some residual effects lasting ...
The combination products begin to work with the shorter-acting insulin (5–15 minutes for fast-acting, and 30 minutes for short-acting), and remain active for 16–24 hours. There are several variations with different proportions of the mixed insulins (e.g. Novolog Mix 70/30 contains 70% aspart protamine [akin to NPH], and 30% aspart.) [49]
After injection, microcrystals slowly release insulin for about 24 hours. [7] This insulin causes body tissues to absorb glucose from the blood and decreases glucose production by the liver. [7] Insulin glargine was patented, but the patent expired in most jurisdictions in 2014. It was approved for medical use in the United States in 2000. [7]
The name "insulin" was coined by Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer in 1916 for a hypothetical molecule produced by pancreatic islets of Langerhans (Latin insula for islet or island) that controls glucose metabolism. Unbeknown to Sharpey-Schafer, Jean de Meyer had introduced the very similar word "insuline" in 1909 for the same molecule. [119] [120]
The following is a list of hormones found in Homo sapiens. Spelling is not uniform for many hormones. Spelling is not uniform for many hormones. For example, current North American and international usage uses [ citation needed ] estrogen and gonadotropin, while British usage retains the Greek digraph in oestrogen and favours the earlier ...
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NPH insulin is made by mixing regular insulin and protamine in exact proportions with zinc and phenol such that a neutral-pH is maintained and crystals form. [1] There are human and pig insulin based versions. [1] Protamine insulin was first created in 1936 and NPH insulin in 1946. [1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential ...