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In patients with "simple" COPD, therapy should be targeted towards Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and possibly pathogens of atypical pneumonia. [7] The first-line treatment is a beta-lactam antibiotic such as amoxicillin .
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
Many patients eventually require oxygen supplementation at home. In severe cases that are difficult to control, chronic treatment with oral corticosteroids may be necessary, although this is fraught with significant side effects. COPD is generally irreversible although lung function can partially recover if the patient stops smoking.
Many people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have a low partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and high partial pressure of carbon dioxide.Treatment with supplemental oxygen may improve their well-being; alternatively, in some this can lead to the adverse effect of elevating the carbon dioxide content in the blood (hypercapnia) to levels that may become toxic.
Treatment of lung disease may include bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, and, when infections occur, antibiotics. [2] Intravenous infusions of the A1AT protein or in severe disease lung transplantation may also be recommended. [2] In those with severe liver disease liver transplantation may be an option. [2] [4] Avoiding smoking is recommended. [2]
Clinical presentation: woman, between the age of 45 and 67 with cough and/or shortness of breath for 5–10 years Pulmonary function: increased residual volume , increased total lung capacity, fixed obstruction, low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide that corrects with alveolar volume
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