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The Grand Duchy of Finland, officially and also translated as the Grand Principality of Finland, [a] was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed from 1809 to 1917 as an autonomous state within the Russian Empire .
Coat of arms of Finland under Swedish rule. After the final abolition of the Duchy of Finland and related feudal privileges in the late 16th century, the king of Sweden sporadically granted most or all of Finland under a specially appointed governor-general, who took care of the matters in the eastern part of the country more or less according to his own best judgement.
Governorates of the Grand Duchy of Finland during 1831–1917: Åbo och Björneborg Governorate (Russian: Або-Бьернеборгская губерния, Swedish: Åbo och Björneborgs län, Finnish: Turun ja Porin lääni) Kuopio Governorate (Russian: Куопиоская губерния, Swedish: Kuopio län, Finnish: Kuopion lääni)
Bobrikov quickly became very unpopular and hated in Finland as he was an adamant supporter of the curtailing of the grand duchy's extensive autonomy, which had in the late 1800s come into conflict with Russian ambitions of a unified and indivisible Russian state.
In the Treaty of Fredrikshamn on September 17, 1809 Sweden was obliged to cede all its territory in Finland, east of the Torne River, to Russia. The ceded territories became a part of the Russian Empire and was reconstituted into the Grand Duchy of Finland, with the Russian Tsar as Grand Duke.
So-called Amiraalisenaatti (government of the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1909–1917) in 1915. At the end of the table on the left Franz Albert Seyn and on the right Mikhail Borovitinov . The building from above in the 1960s
The history of Aulanko in its current form began in the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1883. Captain Hugo Standertskjöld, who later became a colonel, purchased the Karlberg estate located on the shores of Lake Vanajavesi from Major General Georg Eberhard Galindo, who, like Standertskjöld, had served in Imperial Russia .
During the period of Finland being a Grand Duchy to Russia, a number of de novo creations and naturalizations were made by the Russian emperors. The first estate of the four estates of the realm of Finland existed until 1906 when a single chamber parliament was introduced. Baron August Langhoff was the last to be ennobled, in 1912.