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Juniper berries are actually modified conifer cones. A juniper berry is the female seed cone produced by the various species of junipers . It is not a true berry but a cone with unusually fleshy and merged scales called a galbulus , which gives it a berry-like appearance.
A small quantity of ripe berries can be eaten as an emergency food or as a sage-like seasoning for meat. The dried berries can be roasted and ground into a coffee substitute. [10] Utah juniper is an aromatic plant. Essential oil extracted from the trunk and limb is prominent in α-pinene, δ-3-carene, and cis-thujopsene.
Juniperus communis – Western American tribes combined the berries of Juniperus communis with Berberis root bark in a herbal tea. Native Americans also used juniper berries as a female contraceptive. [83] Juniperus scopulorum, the leaves and inner bark of which were boiled by some Plateau tribes to create an infusion to treat coughs and fevers.
Since juniper berries have a strong taste, they should be used sparingly. They are generally used to enhance meat with a strong flavour, such as game , including game birds, or tongue . The cones are used to flavour certain beers and gin (the word "gin" derives from an Old French word meaning "juniper"). [ 27 ]
Juniper berries are used as a seasoning in cooking or in alcoholic beverages, [6] particularly to flavor gin. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Juniper berries have also been used in traditional medicine for different conditions, although there is no high-quality clinical evidence that it has any effect. [ 8 ]
The plant was used as a traditional Native American medicinal plant, and as a food source, by the indigenous peoples of California, including the Cahuilla people, Kumeyaay people (Diegueno), Serrano, and Ohlone people. [13] [14] They gathered the berries to eat fresh and to grind into meal for baking. [5] The wood was also used for sinew-backed ...
Juniperus macrocarpa (syn. J. oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa) – large-fruited juniper. Mediterranean coastal sands. Mediterranean coastal sands. Broader leaves ( 2–3 mm or 1 ⁄ 16 – 1 ⁄ 8 in wide), and larger cones ( 12–18 mm or 1 ⁄ 2 – 11 ⁄ 16 in wide).
Myoporum insulare, commonly known as common boobialla, native juniper, [3] is a species of flowering plant in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to coastal areas of Australia. It is a shrub or small tree which grows on dunes and coastal cliffs, is very salt tolerant and widely used in horticulture.