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Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
Hilbert's eighth problem is one of David Hilbert's list of open mathematical problems posed in 1900. It concerns number theory, and in particular the Riemann hypothesis, [1] although it is also concerned with the Goldbach conjecture.
4. Problem of the straight line as the shortest distance between two points. 5. Lie's concept of a continuous group of transformations without the assumption of the differentiability of the functions defining the group. 6. Mathematical treatment of the axioms of physics. 7. Irrationality and transcendence of certain numbers. 8.
The text of the example runs like this: "If you are told: a truncated pyramid of 6 for the vertical height by 4 on the base by 2 on the top: You are to square the 4; result 16. You are to double 4; result 8. You are to square this 2; result 4. You are to add the 16 and the 8 and the 4; result 28. You are to take 1/3 of 6; result 2.
In mathematical logic, Tarski's high school algebra problem was a question posed by Alfred Tarski.It asks whether there are identities involving addition, multiplication, and exponentiation over the positive integers that cannot be proved using eleven axioms about these operations that are taught in high-school-level mathematics.
Hilbert noted that there existed methods for solving partial differential equations where the function's values were given at the boundary, but the problem asked for methods for solving partial differential equations with more complicated conditions on the boundary (e.g., involving derivatives of the function), or for solving calculus of variation problems in more than 1 dimension (for example ...
The most common problem being solved is the 0-1 knapsack problem, which restricts the number of copies of each kind of item to zero or one. Given a set of items numbered from 1 up to , each with a weight and a value , along with a maximum weight capacity ,
Minimum maximal independent set a.k.a. minimum independent dominating set [4] NP-complete special cases include the minimum maximal matching problem, [3]: GT10 which is essentially equal to the edge dominating set problem (see above). Metric dimension of a graph [3]: GT61 Metric k-center; Minimum degree spanning tree; Minimum k-cut