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Penang [a] is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia along the Strait of Malacca. It has two parts: Penang Island, where the capital city, George Town, is located, and Seberang Perai on the Malay Peninsula. These two halves are physically connected by the Penang Bridge and the Second Penang Bridge.
It can be seen that a larger island close to the mainland has the most species richness and a smaller one far from the mainland has the least. The rate of extinction once a species manages to colonize an island is affected by island size; this is the species-area curve or effect. Larger islands contain larger habitat areas and opportunities for ...
It is located off the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia by the Malacca Strait, with the Penang Strait separating the island from Seberang Perai on the mainland. The 295 km 2 (114 sq mi) island makes up approximately 28% of Penang's total land mass and is home to about 45% of the state's population as of 2020. [1]
The mainland serow occurs in central and southern China, India, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and in the Indonesian island of Sumatra. [3] In Assam , it inhabits hilly forests above an elevation of 300 m (980 ft), but descends to 100 m (330 ft) in winter. [ 11 ]
India ranks fourth in Asia and tenth in the world amongst the top 17 mega-diverse countries in the world. [1] India harbours nearly 11% of the world's floral diversity comprising over 17500 documented flowering plants, 6200 endemic species, 7500 medicinal plants and 246 globally threatened species in only 2.4% of world's land area. [2]
[9] [10] India is home to several well-known large animals, including the Indian elephant, [11] Indian rhinoceros, [12] and Gaur. [4] India is the only country where the big cats tiger and lion exist in the wild. Members of the cat family include Bengal tiger, [13] Asiatic lion, [14] Indian leopard, [15] snow leopard, [16] and clouded leopard. [17]
There are about 1361 species of birds recorded from India, with some variations, depending on taxonomic treatments, accounting for about 12% of the world species. [14] There are about 410 species of mammals known from India, which is about 8.86% of the world species. [15] India has the greatest number of cat species in the world. [16]
As a result, island ecosystems comprise 30% of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, 50% of marine tropical diversity, and some of the most unusual and rare species. [2] Many species still remain unknown. The diversity of species on islands is highly impacted by human activities such as deforestation and introduction of the exotic species.