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The phenotypic color variation observed in the epidermis and hair of mammals is primarily determined by the levels of eumelanin and pheomelanin in the examined tissue. In an average human individual, eumelanin is more abundant in tissues requiring photoprotection, such as the epidermis and the retinal pigment epithelium. [4]
Pheomelanin colors hair orange and red. Eumelanin, which has two subtypes of black or brown, determines the darkness of the hair color; [4] more black eumelanin leads to blacker hair and more brown eumelanin to browner hair. [6] All human hair has some amount of both pigments. [9] Over 95% of melanin content in black and brown hair is eumelanin ...
Eumelanin is the dominant form of melanin found in human skin. Eumelanin protects tissues and DNA from radiation damage by UV light. Melanin is produced in specialized cells called melanocytes, which are found in the lowest level of the epidermis. [85] Melanin is produced inside small membrane-bound packages called melanosomes.
Eumelanin is found in hair, areola, and skin, and the hair colors gray, black, blond, and brown. In humans, it is more abundant in people with dark skin. Pheomelanin, a pink to red hue is found in particularly large quantities in red hair, [16] the lips, nipples, glans of the penis, and vagina. [17]
A woman with dark skin. Dark skin is a type of human skin color that is rich in melanin pigments. [1] [2] [3] People with dark skin are often referred to as black people, [4] although this usage can be ambiguous in some countries where it is also used to specifically refer to different ethnic groups or populations.
Neuromelanin is directly biosynthesized from L-DOPA, precursor to dopamine, by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic acid decarboxylase (AADC). Alternatively, synaptic vesicles and endosomes accumulate cytosolic dopamine (via vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) and transport it to mitochondria where it is metabolized by monoamine oxidase.
Benefits of electrolysis. It works on all hair colors and skin tones: Unlike laser hair removal, electrolysis doesn't rely on melanin or pigment, making it an effective option for even the ...
Skin whitening, also known as skin lightening and skin bleaching, is the practice of using chemical substances in an attempt to lighten the skin or provide an even skin color by reducing the melanin concentration in the skin.