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A variable-sweep wing, colloquially known as a "swing wing", is an airplane wing, or set of wings, that may be modified during flight, swept back and then returned to its previous straight position. Because it allows the aircraft's shape to be changed, it is a feature of a variable-geometry aircraft.
A straight-winged North American FJ-1 flying next to a swept-wing FJ-2 in 1952.. There are three main reasons for sweeping a wing: [1] 1. to arrange the center of gravity of the aircraft and the aerodynamic center of the wing to coincide more closely for longitudinal balance, e.g. Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet and Messerschmitt Me 262.
The wing span was 12.0 metres (39.4 ft) when unswept and 10.0 metres (32.8 ft) when fully swept. [3] The long main undercarriage retracted into the wing, while a nose wheel completed the tricycle undercarriage. [4] The P.202 was powered by a pair of BMW 003 turbojets, slung underneath the fuselage centre section and exhausting behind the wing.
Small shoulder-wing aircraft may use forward sweep to maintain a correct CoG. Some types of variable geometry vary the wing sweep during flight: Swing-wing: also called "variable sweep wing". The left and right hand wings vary their sweep together, usually backwards. Seen in a few types of military aircraft, such as the General Dynamics F-111 ...
The wings can sweep from 15 degrees to 67.5 degrees (full forward to full sweep). Forward-swept wing settings are used for takeoff, landings and high-altitude economical cruise. Aft-swept wing settings are used in high subsonic and supersonic flight. [74] The B-1's variable-sweep wings and thrust-to-weight ratio provide it with improved takeoff ...
To test the low-speed characteristics of swept wings, the US Navy contracted Bell Aircraft to modify two P-63 Kingcobras [note 1] as test aircraft for use by NACA. [2] These aircraft, assigned the bureau numbers 90060 and 90061, [ note 2 ] were designated L-39-1 and L-39-2 , based on Bell's code letter "L" and the aircraft's model number "39".
A composite photograph showing the Bell X-5’s variable-sweep wing. The Bell X-5 was the first aircraft capable of changing the sweep of its wings in flight. It was inspired by the untested wartime P.1101 design of the German Messerschmitt company. In a further development of the German design, which could only have its wing sweepback angle ...
Developed from the Sukhoi Su-7, the Su-17 was the first variable-sweep wing aircraft to enter Soviet service and featured updated avionics. The aircraft also has variants which were designed to be exported to non-Soviet states such as the Sukhoi Su-22 and the less popular Su-20. It was produced from 1967 to 1990.