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Principal among the offered commands are means to forcibly unmount file systems, kill processes, recover keyboard state, and write unwritten data to disk. The magic SysRq key cannot work under certain conditions, such as a kernel panic [ 2 ] or a hardware failure preventing the kernel from running properly.
However, on others such as IRIX, Linux, and FreeBSD, an argument is supplied specifying the name of the process (or processes) to kill. For instance, to kill a process such as an instance of the XMMS music player invoked by xmms, the user would run the command killall xmms. This would kill all processes named xmms, and is equivalent to kill ...
killall is a command line utility available on Unix-like systems. There are two very different implementations. The implementation supplied with genuine UNIX System V (including Solaris) and Linux sysvinit tools kills all processes that the user is able to kill, potentially shutting down the system if run by root.
systemd is a software suite that provides an array of system components for Linux [7] operating systems. The main aim is to unify service configuration and behavior across Linux distributions. [8] Its primary component is a "system and service manager" — an init system used to bootstrap user space and manage user processes.
The init process is special: It does not get signals that it does not want to handle, and thus it can ignore SIGKILL. [14] An exception from this rule is while init is ptraced on Linux. [15] [16] An uninterruptibly sleeping process may not terminate (and free its resources) even when sent SIGKILL. This is one of the few cases in which a UNIX ...
Most modern Linux distributions documentation specify using kill-HUP <processID> to send the SIGHUP signal. [ 3 ] Daemon programs sometimes use SIGHUP as a signal to restart themselves, the most common reason for this being to re-read a configuration file that has been changed.
However, the process's entry in the process table remains. The parent can read the child's exit status by executing the wait system call , whereupon the zombie is removed. The wait call may be executed in sequential code, but it is commonly executed in a handler for the SIGCHLD signal , which the parent receives whenever a child has died.
A server process is also said to be orphaned when the client that initiated the request unexpectedly crashes after making the request while leaving the server process running. These orphaned processes waste server resources and can potentially leave a server starved for resources. However, there are several solutions to the orphan process problem: