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Also called "development in context" or "human ecology" theory, ecological systems theory was originally formulated by Urie Bronfenbrenner.It specifies four types of nested environmental systems, with bi-directional influences within and between the systems; they are the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem.
While slow waves and sleep spindles are present in stages 2 and 3, stage 2 sleep is characterized by a higher prevalence of spindles, while slow waves dominate the EEG during stage 3. [ 22 ] [ 21 ] Slow-wave sleep is an active phenomenon probably brought about by the activation of serotonergic neurons of the raphe system.
An estimated 17.3% of kids between 3 and 13 years old experience confusional arousals. [62] About 17% of children sleepwalk, with the disorder being more common among boys than girls, [62] the peak ages of sleepwalking are from 8 to 12 years old. [62] A different systematic review offers a high range of prevalence rates of sleep bruxism for ...
Sleep deprivation, also known as sleep insufficiency [2] or sleeplessness, is the condition of not having adequate duration and/or quality of sleep to support decent alertness, performance, and health.
Twilight sleep (English translation of the German word Dämmerschlaf) [1] [2] is an amnesic state characterized by insensitivity to pain with or without the loss of consciousness, induced by an injection of morphine and scopolamine, with the purpose of pain management during childbirth. [3]