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The sample is dissolved in water, or a mixture of water and ethanol, and a few drops of neutral ferric chloride (FeCl 3) solution, which is prepared by adding de-ionised water. Add sodium hydroxide to the mixture until a permanent brown precipitate is formed. The formation of a red, blue, green, or purple coloration indicates the presence of ...
The formation of a brominated phenol (i.e. 2,4,6-tribromophenol) or aniline (i.e. 2,4,6-tribromoaniline) in form of a white precipitate indicates that the unknown was a phenol or aniline. The more unsaturated an unknown is, the more bromine it reacts with, and the less coloured the solution will appear. [1]
The reaction mechanism for chlorination of benzene is the same as bromination of benzene. Iron(III) bromide and iron(III) chloride become inactivated if they react with water, including moisture in the air. Therefore, they are generated by adding iron filings to bromine or chlorine. Here is the mechanism of this reaction:
Phenol is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 ml (0.895 M). Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible. The sodium salt of phenol, sodium phenoxide, is far more water-soluble. It is a combustible solid (NFPA rating = 2).
Alkali metal phenolates, such as sodium phenolate hydrolyze in aqueous solution to form basic solutions. [2] At pH = 10, phenol and phenolate are in approximately 1:1 proportions. The phenoxide anion (aka phenolate) is a strong nucleophile with a comparable to the one of carbanions or tertiary amines. [3]
Bromine water, Br 2. Bromine water is an oxidizing, intense brown mixture containing diatomic bromine (Br 2) dissolved in water (H 2 O). [1] It is often used as a reactive in chemical assays of recognition for substances which react with bromine in an aqueous environment with the halogenation mechanism, mainly unsaturated carbon compounds (carbon compounds with 1 or more double or triple bond(s)).
Phenol esters are active esters, being prone to hydrolysis. Phenols are reactive species toward oxidation. Oxidative cleavage, for instance cleavage of 1,2-dihydroxybenzene to the monomethylester of 2,4 hexadienedioic acid with oxygen, copper chloride in pyridine [4] Oxidative de-aromatization to quinones also known as the Teuber reaction.
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes, diluted with water, and extracted with diethyl ether (3 × 10 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried (MgSO 4), and concentrated in vacuo.