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Candidate of Sciences (Candidatus scientiarum – CSc., replaced by common Ph.D. in the Czech Republic in 1998 and by PhD. in Slovakia in 1996) Doctor of philosophy (Philosophiae doctor – Ph.D. or PhD., awarded since 1998 and 1996, respectively; requires at least 3–5-year doctoral study and coursework of 120-180 Credits)
Indira Gandhi National Open University, known as IGNOU, is a public open & distance learning university located in Delhi, India.Named after the former Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, the university was established in 1985 with a budget of ₹ 20 million, after the Parliament of India passed the Indira Gandhi National Open University Act, 1985 (IGNOU Act 1985). [4]
Any payment receipt from a big institution, especially a government institution, issued to an individual may be termed a challan. e.g. Oxford Learners Dictionary gives an example "You need to show a copy of the fee payment challan before you can take the exam. [10]
The Indian Association of Clinical Cardiologists (IACC) filed a writ petition against the MCI, and the Delhi High Court, after examining the relevant laws, ruled in favor of IGNOU in September 2019. [6] The court held that IGNOU did not require prior permission from the Central Government as per the Indira Gandhi National Open University Act, 1985.
The private sector's primary modes of financing include donations, capitation fees and exorbitant fee rates. This in turn limits general accessibility to higher education, by catering to only an elite few. [14] Enrolment – As of 2019–20, Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education is 27.3 for 18 – 23 year old age group. [71]
The repository has a collection of over 500,000 theses and 13000 synopses. The Shodhganga repository was created consequent on the University Grants Commission making it mandatory through regulations issued in June 2009 for all universities to submit soft copies of PhD theses and MPhil dissertations to the UGC for hosting in the INFLIBNET. [2] [3]
Sreenarayanaguru Open University (SGOU) is a state open university located in Kollam, Kerala, established in 2020 by The Sreenarayanaguru Open University Act, 2021 (Kerala Act No 1 of 2021).
Nageshwar Rao is an Indian professor who served as Vice Chancellor of Indira Gandhi National Open University, [1] [2] largest open university in the world [3] and former Director of Central Hindi Directorate [4] and served as Director of Indian Institute of Advanced Study, [5] Vice Chancellor of Uttarakhand Open University [6] and Uttar Pradesh Rajarshi Tandon Open University [7] and Honorary ...