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General indications for functional surgery of the hand and arm in tetraplegic patients: There are different views on optimal timing of surgery after a spinal cord injury. The general consensus is to operate the patient when he or she is neurologically stable. Some surgeons try to operate a patient as early as possible.
A spica cast encases the trunk of the body and one or more limbs, providing immobilization for injuries or conditions requiring stabilization across multiple joints. Spica casts can be used for both upper and lower extremities. For instance, a shoulder spica covers the trunk of the body and one arm, typically extending to the wrist or hand.
The Krukenberg procedure, also known as the Krukenberg operation, is a surgical technique that converts a forearm stump into a pincer. It was first described in 1917 by the German army surgeon Hermann Krukenberg. [1] [2] It remains in use today for certain special cases but is considered controversial and some surgeons refuse to perform it. [3]
Hand surgery deals with both surgical and non-surgical treatment of conditions and problems that may take place in the hand or upper extremity (commonly from the tip of the hand to the shoulder) [1] including injury and infection. [2] Hand surgery may be practiced by post graduates of orthopedic surgery and plastic surgery and MCh Hand surgery. [1]
Once the fragments are reduced, the reduction is maintained by application of casts, traction, or held by plates, screws, or other implants, which may in turn be external or internal.
With gamekeeper's thumb, where the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is damaged, thumb functional abilities may be diminished. [4] For fingertip deformities, such as in mallet finger, pain and fingernail disruption may also be observed. [13] Rheumatoid arthritis of the hands may cause hand deformities.
In medicine, the Ilizarov apparatus is a type of external fixation apparatus used in orthopedic surgery to lengthen or to reshape the damaged bones of an arm or a leg; used as a limb-sparing technique for treating complex fractures and open bone fractures; and used to treat an infected non-union of bones, which cannot be surgically resolved.
In displaced distal radius fracture, in those with low demands, the hand can be cast until the person feels comfortable. If the fracture affects the median nerve, only then is a reduction indicated. If the instability risk is less than 70%, the hand can be manipulated under regional block or general anaesthesia to achieve reduction.