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Style guides. The Chicago Manual of Style (abbreviated as CMOS, TCM, or CMS, or sometimes as Chicago[1]) is a style guide for American English published since 1906 by the University of Chicago Press. Its 17 editions (the most recent in 2017) have prescribed writing and citation styles widely used in publishing.
t. e. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is a style guide for writing and formatting research papers, theses, and dissertations and is published by the University of Chicago Press. The work is often referred to as "Turabian" (after the work's original author, Kate L. Turabian) or by the shortened title, A Manual ...
When the note system is used for source citations, two different systems of note marking and placement are needed—in Chicago Style, for instance, "the citation notes should be numbered and appear as endnotes. The substantive notes, indicated by asterisks and other symbols, appear as footnotes" ("Chicago Manual of Style" 2003, 16.63–64 ...
Forms of short citations used include author-date referencing (APA style, Harvard style, or Chicago style), and author-title or author-page referencing (MLA style or Chicago style). As before, the list of footnotes is automatically generated in a "Notes" or "Footnotes" section, which immediately precedes the "References" section containing the ...
Parenthetical referencing is a citation system in which citations are added within sentences using brackets (parentheses). An example would be "Paris is the capital of France (Smith 2020, p. 1)". Full citations are collected in footnotes or endnotes, or in alphabetical order by author's last name, under a "references", "bibliography", or "works ...
Note (typography) In publishing, a note is a brief text in which the author comments on the subject and themes of the book and names supporting citations. In the editorial production of books and documents, typographically, a note is usually several lines of text at the bottom of the page, at the end of a chapter, at the end of a volume, or a ...
Footnotes are used most commonly to provide: references (bibliographic citations) to reliable sources, explanatory information, or. source information for tables and other elements. Footnotes or shortened footnotes may be used at the editor's discretion in accordance with the guideline on Variation in citation methods.
That is, you might write a Harvard ref before a period, as in: Wikipedia is a great website (SlimVirgin 2006). But you wouldn't place a footnote before the period, as in: "Wikipedia is a great website [5]. Footnotes always (including in neuropsychology journals, surely) go after punctuation.