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In angiosperms, a hypanthium or floral cup [1] [2] [3] is a structure where basal portions of the calyx, the corolla, and the stamens form a cup-shaped tube. It is sometimes called a floral tube, a term that is also used for corolla tube and calyx tube. [citation needed] It often contains the nectaries of the plant.
Clearly attached to the hypanthium are four calyx lobes – which look like tiny leaves beneath the yellow petals – of between 2.2-4mm in length and 1-3mm in width. [1] The calyx lobes are oblong and covered with tiny hairs and are unattached to each other except by the hypanthium. [1]
The carnivorous plant Nepenthes deaniana has pitcher elements that are obconic in shape to capture insects. [2] The hypanthium of the western USA plant Heuchera rubescens has one subspecies with an obconic structure, while several other subspecies have alternative hypantium geometries, so that the obconic characteristic is a subspecies determinant and diagnostic. [3]
A series of bracts subtending the calyx (see below) is an epicalyx. Angiosperms are dealt with in more detail here; these structures are very different in gymnosperms. [7] In angiosperms, the specialised leaves that play a part in reproduction are arranged around the stem in an ordered fashion, from the base to the apex of the flower.
Apple section, showing seeds plus papery expression of the ovary, surrounded by tissue formed from ripening of the hypanthium. The part of apples and pears that is consumed is, in fact, the hypanthium. The ovary is the papery core that surrounds the apple seeds. As the hypanthium ripens it forms the edible tissues. [5]
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In the flowers the calyx tube, hypanthium, and pedicel are around 10-20mm long together, the calyx tube is some 2-5mm in diameter, there are 4-5 rounded, small and inconspicuous calyx lobes, rarely greater than 0.5mm in length.