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Clotrimazole, sold under the brand name Lotrimin, among others, is an antifungal medication. [2] It is used to treat vaginal yeast infections, oral thrush, diaper rash, tinea versicolor, and types of ringworm including athlete's foot and jock itch. [2] It can be taken by mouth or applied as a cream to the skin or in the vagina. [2]
Clotrimazole is widely used to treat fungal infections on different parts of the body, including infections in the otitis externa (ear), the skin, regions of the vagina, and vulva. It is available in the form of pessaries , liquid, creams, and spray.
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However, vaginal rings have the potential to provide long-term controlled release of microbicide drugs. Long-acting formulations, like vaginal rings, are potentially advantageous since they could be easy to use, requiring replacement only once a month. This ease of use could prove very important to make sure that products are used properly.
Antifungal resistance is a One Health concern, driven by multiple extrinsic factors, including extensive fungicidal use, overuse of clinical antifungals, environmental change and host factors. [1] Like resistance to antibacterials, antifungal resistance can be driven by antifungal use in agriculture.
Fluconazole was patented in 1981 and came into commercial use in 1988. [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [8] Fluconazole is available as a generic medication. [5] In 2022, it was the 160th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions. [9] [10]
Treating vaginal yeast infections is one of the most common uses of pharmaceutical pessaries. They are also known as vaginal suppositories, which are inserted into the vagina and are designed to dissolve at body temperature. They usually contain a single use antifungal agent such as clotrimazole. Oral antifungal agents are also available. [17]
Intravaginal administration is a route of administration where the substance is applied inside the vagina. Pharmacologically, it has the potential advantage to result in effects primarily in the vagina or nearby structures (such as the vaginal portion of cervix) with limited systemic adverse effects compared to other routes of administration ...