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The globus pallidus is a structure in the brain involved in the regulation of voluntary movement. [8] It is part of the basal ganglia, which, among many other functions, regulate movements that occur on the subconscious level. The globus pallidus has a predominantly inhibitory effect on movement regulation, balancing cerebellar excitation.
Dysfunction of the internal globus pallidus has been correlated to Parkinson's disease, [6] Tourette syndrome, [7] and tardive dyskinesia. [8] The internal globus pallidus is the target of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for these diseases. Deep brain stimulation sends regulated electrical pulses to the target.
The pallidum consists of a large structure called the globus pallidus ("pale globe") together with a smaller ventral extension called the ventral pallidum. The globus pallidus appears as a single neural mass, but can be divided into two functionally distinct parts, the internal globus pallidus (GPi) and the external globus pallidus (GPe). [2]
The basal ganglia is a collective group of structures in the brain. These include the striatum, (composed of the putamen and caudate nucleus), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and the subthalamic nucleus. Along with other structures, the basal ganglia are part of a neural circuit that is integral to voluntary motor function. [1]
The external globus pallidus is the segment of the globus pallidus that is relatively further (lateral) from the midline of the brain. The GPe is predominantly composed of inhibitory GABAergic neurons that project axons to the subthalamic nucleus (in the diencephalon), the striatum, internal globus pallidus (GPi) and substantia nigra pars ...
The lenticular fasciculus is composed of fibers that pass from the internal part of the globus pallidus, through the posterior limb of the internal capsule, around the zona incerta. These fibers connect with the fibers of the ansa lenticularis in the field H of Forel to form the thalamic fasciculus.
The internal globus pallidus (GPi) or medial globus pallidus is only found in the primate brain and so is a younger portion of the globus pallidus. Like the GPe and the substantia nigra the GPi is a fast-spiking pacemaker but its activity does not show the long intervals of silence seen in the others.
Pallidotomy is a neurosurgical procedure. It is used to treat Parkinson's disease and some other conditions, often as an alternative to deep brain stimulation.It involves placing a tiny electrical probe in the globus pallidus, one of the basal ganglia of the brain, to damage it.