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A schematic drawing of a manometer (U-tube) Date: 30 January 2007: Source: Own work: Author: User:Mintz l: Permission (Reusing this file) PD .
The tube is sealed during manufacture with the sealed end containing a vacuum. [1] Mercury is a useful material to use in a manometer because of its high density. This means that a much shorter column is needed compared to water. [2] For instance, the pressure represented by a column of 100 mm of water is just under 7.4 mm of mercury . [3]
Pressure range, sensitivity, dynamic response and cost all vary by several orders of magnitude from one instrument design to the next. The oldest type is the liquid column (a vertical tube filled with mercury) manometer invented by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643. The U-Tube was invented by Christiaan Huygens in 1661.
U-tube with piezo-electric actuator Digital density measuring principle. The oscillating U-tube is a technique to determine the density of liquids and gases based on an electronic measurement of the frequency of oscillation, from which the density value is calculated. This measuring principle is based on the Mass-Spring Model.
Typically, a U-tube manometer is used, which directly shows the pressure difference between the container and the atmosphere. As an organism takes up O 2 , it generates a proportionate quantity of CO 2 (see respiratory quotient ), but all the CO 2 is absorbed by the soda lime.
u is the flow speed in m/s. It can be thought of as the fluid's kinetic energy per unit volume. For incompressible flow, the dynamic pressure of a fluid is the difference between its total pressure and static pressure. From Bernoulli's law, dynamic pressure is given by =
Block diagram of Pirani gauge Curves to convert air readings to other gases. In order to understand the technology, consider that in a gas filled system there are four ways that a heated wire transfers heat to its surroundings. Gas conduction at high pressure / (r representing the distance from the heated wire)
A glass McLeod gauge, drained of mercury. A McLeod gauge is a scientific instrument used to measure very low pressures, down to 10 −6 Torr (0.133 mPa).It was invented in 1874 by Herbert McLeod (1841–1923). [1]