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Japan surrendered to the Allied Powers on 15 August 1945, and officially exchanged instruments of surrender in Tokyo Bay on 2 September, after which Japan underwent a U.S.-led military occupation for seven years, until 28 April 1952.
The Japanese victory in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 marks the emergence of Japan as a major military power. Japan demonstrated that it could apply Western technology, discipline, strategy, and tactics effectively. The war concluded with the Treaty of Portsmouth. The complete victory of the Japanese military surprised world observers.
As military forces around the world are constantly changing in size, no definitive list can ever be compiled. All of the 172 countries listed here, especially those with the highest number of total soldiers such as the two Koreas and Vietnam , include a large number of paramilitaries, civilians and policemen in their reserve personnel.
As of 2005, Japan's military budget was maintained at about 3% of the national budget. About half of the military budget is spent on personnel costs, while the rest is reserved for weapons programs, maintenance, and operating costs. [6] As of 2023, Japan has the tenth largest defense budget in the world. [7]
Japan is a middle power and a member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations (since 1956), the OECD, and the Group of Seven. [1] Although it has renounced its right to declare war, the country maintains Self-Defense Forces that rank as one of the world's strongest militaries.
The Japan Air Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 航空自衛隊, Hepburn: Kōkū Jieitai), JASDF (空自, Kūji), also referred to as the Japanese Air Force, [2] is the air and space branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, responsible for the defense of Japanese airspace, other air and space operations, cyberwarfare and electronic warfare. [3]
The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force dropped nearly all traditions associated with the former Imperial Japanese Army save for the march music tradition (Review March was the official march of the IJA and today's JGSDF). However the tradition of bugle call playing, a tradition left by the Imperial Army, has remained till the present.
The Type 1 Mi-Sha experimental design led to the Type 2 Ka-Mi, which was based on the Type 95 Ha-Go light tank chassis. [128] The Type 2 Ka-Mi was the first production Japanese amphibious tank, although beginning in 1942 only 182 to 184 units were built. [89] [131] The Type 2 Ka-Mi was first used in combat on Guadalcanal.