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Pseudofossils may be misleading, as some types of mineral deposits can mimic lifeforms by forming what appear to be highly detailed or organized structures. One common example is when manganese oxides crystallize with a characteristic tree-like or dendritic pattern along a rock fracture.
Descriptions dating from the 18th century attest to the fact that concretions have long been regarded as geological curiosities. Because of the variety of unusual shapes, sizes and compositions, concretions have been interpreted to be dinosaur eggs, animal and plant fossils (called pseudofossils), extraterrestrial debris or human artifacts.
These pseudofossils form as naturally occurring fissures in the rock are filled by percolating mineral solutions. They form when water rich in manganese and iron flows along fractures and bedding planes between layers of limestone and other rock types, depositing dendritic crystals as the solution flows through.
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This page lists notable examples of incomplete or incorrect published mathematical proofs. Most of these were accepted as complete or correct for several years but later discovered to contain gaps or errors. There are both examples where a complete proof was later found, or where the alleged result turned out to be false.
Almgren–Pitts min-max theory; Approximation theory; Arakelov theory; Asymptotic theory; Automata theory; Bass–Serre theory; Bifurcation theory; Braid theory
The term dubiofossil is a portmanteau word used in geology and paleontology for a problematic structure that looks like a fossil but has an uncertain biologic origin. From Latin dubius, and English fossil, the word has been used mainly for remains found in rocks dating from the early history of the Earth (Precambrian rocks), but it is also applicable in other settings such as problematic ...