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Cannabinoids (/ k ə ˈ n æ b ə n ɔɪ d z ˌ ˈ k æ n ə b ə n ɔɪ d z /) are compounds found in the cannabis plant or synthetic compounds that can interact with the endocannabinoid system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (Delta-9-THC), the primary intoxicating compound in cannabis .
Perrottetinene, a moderately psychoactive cannabinoid, [46] has been isolated from different Radula varieties. Machaeriol A and related compounds are found in plants from the Machaerium family. [47] Most of the phytocannabinoids are nearly insoluble in water but are soluble in lipids, alcohols, and other non-polar organic solvents.
Salvia divinorum, a dissociative hallucinogenic sage. This is a list of plant species that, when consumed by humans, are known or suspected to produce psychoactive effects: changes in nervous system function that alter perception, mood, consciousness, cognition or behavior.
The entourage effect is a hypothesis that cannabis compounds other than tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) act synergistically with it to modulate the overall psychoactive effects of the plant. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The effect has also been applied in the case of psilocybin mushrooms , with other compounds besides psilocybin having been hypothesized to also ...
Psychoactive drug use can be traced to prehistory. Archaeological evidence of the use of psychoactive substances, mostly plants, dates back at least 10,000 years; historical evidence indicates cultural use 5,000 years ago. [11] There is evidence of the chewing of coca leaves, for example, in Peruvian society 8,000 years ago. [12] [13]
[18] [19] [25] As the legal landscape and understanding about the differences in medical cannabinoids unfolds, experts are working to distinguish "medical cannabis" (with varying degrees of psychotropic effects and deficits in executive function) from "medical CBD therapies", which would commonly present as having a reduced or non-psychoactive ...
The two cannabinoids usually produced in greatest abundance are cannabidiol (CBD) and/or Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), but only THC is psychoactive. [55] Since the early 1970s, Cannabis plants have been categorized by their chemical phenotype or "chemotype", based on the overall amount of THC produced, and on the ratio of THC to CBD. [ 56 ]
Heat is required to decarboxylate the non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid THCA to its psychoactive form, THC. Likewise, CBDA turns into CBD. From hemp plant material in an oven, cannabinoid concentration plots (time/temp) show THC: [16] STP 0 minutes 0.20mg/g; 140-160C 20 minutes 0.27mg/g; 140-160C 60 minutes 0.05-0.15mg/g; 120C 45 minutes 0.27mg/g