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The Vickers hardness test was developed in 1921 by Robert L. Smith and George E. Sandland at Vickers Ltd as an alternative to the Brinell method to measure the hardness of materials. [1] The Vickers test is often easier to use than other hardness tests since the required calculations are independent of the size of the indenter, and the indenter ...
The values are organized in a format that makes them readable by a thermodynamic calculation program or for use in a spreadsheet. For example, the Excel-based thermodynamic database FREED creates the following type of datafile, here for a standard pressure of 1 atm. Thermodynamic datafile for MgCl 2 (c,l,g) from FREED. Some values have ...
For some usage examples, consider the conversion of 1 SCCM to kg/s of a gas of molecular weight , where is in kg/kmol. Furthermore, consider standard conditions of 101325 Pa and 273.15 K, and assume the gas is an ideal gas (i.e., =).
Hardness measurements quantify the resistance of a material to plastic deformation. Indentation hardness tests compose the majority of processes used to determine material hardness, and can be divided into three classes: macro, micro and nanoindentation tests. [2] [3] Microindentation tests typically have forces less than 2 N (0.45 lb f ...
Converts measurements to other units. Template parameters [Edit template data] This template prefers inline formatting of parameters. Parameter Description Type Status Value 1 The value to convert. Number required From unit 2 The unit for the provided value. Suggested values km2 m2 cm2 mm2 ha sqmi acre sqyd sqft sqin km m cm mm mi yd ft in kg g mg lb oz m/s km/h mph K C F m3 cm3 mm3 L mL cuft ...
Nm kg.m; Nm lb.ft; Non-SI metric: kilogram metre: kg.m kg⋅m 1.0 kg⋅m (9.8 N⋅m; 7.2 lb⋅ft) kg.m Nm; kg.m lb.ft; Imperial & US customary: pound force-foot: lb.ft lb⋅ft 1.0 lb⋅ft (1.4 N⋅m) lb.ft Nm; lb.ft kg-m; Scientific: SI: newton-metre: N.m N⋅m Triple combinations are also possible. See the full list. 1.0 N⋅m (0.74 lbf⋅ft ...
The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol γ, the Greek letter gamma), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight W divided by the volume V of a material: = / Equivalently, it may also be formulated as the product of density, ρ, and gravity acceleration, g: = Its unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is newton per cubic metre (N/m 3), with ...
W w is the mass of the water in kilograms, b i, b j... are the molalities of the ions and I is the ionic strength. The first term, f(I) represents the Debye–Hückel limiting law. The quantities λ ij (I) represent the short-range interactions in the presence of solvent between solute particles i and j .