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Fish, Early-life Stage Toxicity Test 211: Daphnia magna Reproduction Test 212: Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-Fry Stages 213: Honeybees, Acute Oral Toxicity Test 214: Honeybees, Acute Contact Toxicity Test 215: Fish, Juvenile Growth Test 216: Soil Microorganisms: Nitrogen Transformation Test 217: Soil Microorganisms: Carbon ...
The fixed-dose procedure (FDP), proposed in 1992 by the British Toxicology Society, is a method to assess a substance's acute oral toxicity. [1] [2]In comparison to the older LD 50 test developed in 1927, this procedure produces similar results while using fewer animals and causing less pain and suffering. [3]
Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure [1] or from multiple exposures in a short period of time (usually less than 24 hours). [ 2 ] To be described as acute toxicity, the adverse effects should occur within 14 days of the administration of the substance.
U.S. Army Public Health Center Toxicology Lab technician assessing samples. Toxicology testing, also known as safety assessment, or toxicity testing, is the process of determining the degree to which a substance of interest negatively impacts the normal biological functions of an organism, given a certain exposure duration, route of exposure, and substance concentration.
Up-and-down procedure (or method) for toxicology tests in medicine is an alternative to the LD 50 test, in which animals are used for acute toxicity testing. [1] [2] It requires fewer animals to achieve similar accuracy as the LD 50 test because animals are dosed one at a time. [3]
The Draize test is an acute toxicity test devised in 1944 by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) toxicologists John H. Draize and Jacob M. Spines. Initially used for testing cosmetics, the procedure involves applying 0.5 mL or 0.5 g of a test substance to the eye or skin of a restrained, conscious animal, and then leaving it for a set amount of time before rinsing it out and recording its effects.
Of Mice and Men is a 1937 novella written by American author John Steinbeck. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It describes the experiences of George Milton and Lennie Small, two displaced migrant ranch workers, as they move from place to place in California , searching for jobs during the Great Depression .
Animals or cell cultures may be put under a number of levels of a suspected toxin to ascertain whether the substance causes harmful changes and at what level it does so. The LD 50 value, a common measure of acute toxicity, describes the dose at which a substance is lethal to 50% of tested animals. [14]