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Computerized batch processing is a method of running software programs called jobs in batches automatically. While users are required to submit the jobs, no other interaction by the user is required to process the batch. Batches may automatically be run at scheduled times as well as being run contingent on the availability of computer resources.
Process costing is an accounting methodology that traces and accumulates direct costs, and allocates indirect costs of a manufacturing process. [1] Costs are assigned to products, usually in a large batch, which might include an entire month's production. Eventually, costs have to be allocated to individual units of product.
The disadvantages of planning a small batch are that there will be costs of frequent ordering, and a high risk of interruption of production because of a small product inventory. [12] Somewhere between the large and small batch quantity is the optimal batch quantity, i.e. the quantity in which the cost per product unit is the lowest. [12]
If the accountant is using a general ledger accounting system, which lacks true job costing functionality, the costs must be manually transferred out of Work in Process to Finished Goods (Cost of Goods Sold for service industries). Of course, in the days of computerized job costing software, journaling costs manually is an obsolete process.
This is not always the case. Real-time posting systems may still need to support batch processing. Batch processing is attractive for some processing as it is a cost-effective means to process large groups of items. Examples of those batches would be check (cheque) clearing files or payment exchange files.
The internal costing/valuation of inventory can be complex. Whereas in the past most enterprises ran simple, one-process factories, such enterprises are quite probably in the minority in the 21st century. Where 'one process' factories exist, there is a market for the goods created, which establishes an independent market value for the good.
The most recent backup is the son, the previous the father, and the oldest backup is the grandfather. This method is commonly used for a batch transaction processing system with a magnetic tape drive. If the system fails during a batch run, the master file is recreated by restoring the son backup and then restarting the batch.
For example, if there is a mistake in the process, it can be fixed without as much loss compared to mass production. [4] This can also save money by taking less risk for newer plans and products etc. [ 5 ] As a result, this allows batch manufacturing to be changed or modified depending on company needs. [ 6 ]