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ggplot2 is an open-source data visualization package for the statistical programming language R.Created by Hadley Wickham in 2005, ggplot2 is an implementation of Leland Wilkinson's Grammar of Graphics—a general scheme for data visualization which breaks up graphs into semantic components such as scales and layers. ggplot2 can serve as a replacement for the base graphics in R and contains a ...
^b This language represents a boolean as an integer where false is represented as a value of zero and true by a non-zero value. ^c All values evaluate to either true or false. Everything in TrueClass evaluates to true and everything in FalseClass evaluates to false. ^d This language does not have a separate character type. Characters are ...
Data visualization is a technique that allows data scientists to convert raw data into charts and plots that generate valuable insights. There are many tools to perform data visualization, such as ...
Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC programming language and first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0. [36] Python 2.0 was released in 2000. Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision not completely backward-compatible with earlier versions.
Data-oriented programming, metaprogramming De facto standard via Scala Language Specification (SLS) Scheme: Education, general Yes No Yes No No No meta, extensible-syntax De facto 1975-2013, R 0 RS, R 1 RS, R 2 RS, R 3 RS, R 4 RS, R 5 RS, R 6 RS, R 7 RS Small Edition [42] [43] Seed7: Application, general, scripting, web Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
Matplotlib (portmanteau of MATLAB, plot, and library [3]) is a plotting library for the Python programming language and its numerical mathematics extension NumPy.It provides an object-oriented API for embedding plots into applications using general-purpose GUI toolkits like Tkinter, wxPython, Qt, or GTK.
Anaconda is an open source [9] [10] data science and artificial intelligence distribution platform for Python and R programming languages.Developed by Anaconda, Inc., [11] an American company [1] founded in 2012, [11] the platform is used to develop and manage data science and AI projects. [9]
Python 2.6 was released to coincide with Python 3.0, and included some features from that release, as well as a "warnings" mode that highlighted the use of features that were removed in Python 3.0. [ 28 ] [ 10 ] Similarly, Python 2.7 coincided with and included features from Python 3.1, [ 29 ] which was released on June 26, 2009.