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Jacques-Jean Barre (3 August 1793 in Paris-10 June 1855 in Paris) was the 17th chief coin engraver (graveur général) at the Monnaie de Paris [1] between 1842 and 1855. In this position, he engraved and designed French medals , the Great Seal of France , bank notes and postage stamps , as well as the first Swiss coinage which was initially ...
The name franc was taken from the colloquial name of the French livre tournois, since 1726 defined as 4.5 grams of fine silver. In the Helvetic Republic , in 1799, there were plans to introduce a decimal currency system based on the Bernese currency, with a Swiss franc corresponding to 6.6149 grams of fine silver, equivalent to 10 Batzen or 100 ...
In the European community, cent is the official name for one hundredth of a euro.However, in French-speaking countries, the word centime is the preferred term.The Superior Council of the French language of Belgium recommended in 2001 the use of centime, since cent is also the French word for "hundred".
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[10] The Epaulettes stamps depicted Leopold I wearing military uniform, with highly visible epaulettes, and were printed using the intaglio method. [1] They were inscribed "POSTES" ("postage") at the top, along with the stamp's value in numbers. [6] At the bottom was the stamp's face value in French language text. No Dutch language version was ...
In 1848, the French Post Office launched the printing of a 20 centime stamp in black and a 1 franc stamp in red. Between 1849 and 1920, the Post Office's rate for the first weight step was relatively stable between 10 and 40 centimes de franc for 15 grams.
The coins were originally minted in two denominations, 20 and 40 francs for Napoléon Bonaparte. The 40-franc gold piece did not become popular. [8] The 20 franc coins are 21 mm in diameter (about the size of a U.S. five-cent piece or a Swiss 20 Rappen coin), weigh 6.45 grams (gross weight) and; at 90% pure, contain 0.1867 troy ounces (5.807 g) of pure gold.
7 September – Battle of Malakoff, French victory over Russian forces, part of the siege of Sevastopol. 11 September – siege of Sevastopol ends in Franco-British victory. 17 October – Battle of Kinburn, combined British Royal Navy and French Navy force engage Russian forts on shore.