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The only major group of terrestrial lizards to go extinct at the end of the Cretaceous were the polyglyphanodontians, a diverse group of mainly herbivorous lizards known predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. [109] The mosasaurs, a diverse group of large predatory marine reptiles, also became extinct. Fossil evidence indicates that ...
Spinosaurus is the longest known terrestrial carnivore; other large carnivores comparable to Spinosaurus include theropods such as Tyrannosaurus, Giganotosaurus and the coeval Carcharodontosaurus. The most recent study suggests that previous body size estimates are overestimated, and that S. aegyptiacus reached 14 m (46 ft) in length and 7.4 t ...
Artist's depiction of the end-Cretaceous impact eventSince the 19th century, a significant amount of research has been conducted on the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the mass extinction that ended the dinosaur-dominated Mesozoic Era and set the stage for the Age of Mammals, or Cenozoic Era.
c. 106 Ma – Spinosaurus evolves. c. 100.5 Ma - Stegosaurs go extinct; c. 100 Ma – First bees. c. 94 Ma - First mosasaurs. [36] c. 93 Ma - Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event causes the extinction of ichthyosaurs and pliosaurs. [37] c. 90 Ma – the Indian subcontinent splits from Gondwana, becoming an island continent. Snakes and ticks evolve.
Species that depended on photosynthesis declined or became extinct as atmospheric particles blocked solar energy. As is the case today, photosynthesizing organisms, such as phytoplankton and land plants , formed the primary part of the food chain in the late Cretaceous, and all else that depended on them suffered, as well.
Neck reconstructions of Sigilmassasaurus (top) and Baryonyx. The validity of Sigilmassaurus, however, did not go unchallenged shortly after it was named.In 1996, Paul Sereno and colleagues described a Carcharodontosaurus skull (SGM-Din-1) from Morocco, as well as a neck vertebra (SGM-Din-3) which resembled that of "Spinosaurus B," which they therefore synonymized with Carcharodontosaurus. [11]
Oxalaia (in reference to the African deity Oxalá) is a controversial genus of spinosaurid dinosaur that lived in what is now the Northeast Region of Brazil during the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period, sometime between 100.5 and 93.9 million years ago.
Extinct due to destruction of nesting habitat by introduced goats, and predation by cats. [56] Zacatecas Worthen's sparrow: Spizella wortheni browni: Northwest Zacatecas, Mexico Last recorded in 1961. Extinct due to habitat loss to agriculture, overgrazing and erosion by cattle herding, and decline of native herbivores which maintained the bird ...