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The crusader states were economic centres obstructing Muslim trade by sea with the west Europe, [clarification needed] and by land with Mesopotamia, Syria and the urban economies of the Nile. Commerce continued with the coastal cities providing maritime outlets for the Islamic hinterland, and unprecedented volumes of eastern wares were exported ...
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English: A political map of the Near East in 1135 CE. Crusader states are marked with a red cross. Crusader states are marked with a red cross. Español : Oriente Próximo en 1135, entre la primera y segunda cruzadas.
Asia Minor and the Crusader states, c. 1140 from Findlay, Alexander G. (1849) Classical Atlas of Ancient Geography. Map of the Crusader states from Muir's Historical Atlas (1911) Eine Karte aus Putzgers, Historischer Schul-Atlas 39. Auflage. 1917. Tafel 16.
Crusader state Conflict established in Date established Date disestablished County of Edessa [1] First Crusade: 1098 1144 Principality of Antioch [2] First Crusade: 1098 1268 Kingdom of Jerusalem [3] First Crusade: 1099 1291 County of Tripoli [4] First Crusade: 1102 1289 Kingdom of Cyprus [5] Third Crusade: 1192 1489 Latin Empire [6] Fourth ...
With help from the Italian city-states and other adventurers, notably King Sigurd I of Norway, Baldwin captured the port cities of Acre (1104), Beirut (1110), and Sidon (1111), while exerting his suzerainty over the other crusader states to the north – Edessa (which he had founded in 1097 during the crusade), Antioch, and Tripoli, which he ...
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The following is a notable list of energy drinks, with a few coffee variants, ... 260 and 357 mg of caffeine, respectively. ... 1200 35.71 300 mg (8.45 fl oz or 250 ...