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  2. List of logarithmic identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_logarithmic_identities

    ln(r) is the standard natural logarithm of the real number r. Arg(z) is the principal value of the arg function; its value is restricted to (−π, π]. It can be computed using Arg(x + iy) = atan2(y, x). Log(z) is the principal value of the complex logarithm function and has imaginary part in the range (−π, π].

  3. Natural logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_logarithm

    The figure is a graph of ln(1 + x) and some of its Taylor polynomials around 0. These approximations converge to the function only in the region −1 < x1; outside this region, the higher-degree Taylor polynomials devolve to worse approximations for the function.

  4. Stirling's approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling's_approximation

    The formula was first discovered by Abraham de Moivre [2] in the form ! [] +. De Moivre gave an approximate rational-number expression for the natural logarithm of the constant. Stirling's contribution consisted of showing that the constant is precisely 2 π {\displaystyle {\sqrt {2\pi }}} .

  5. Dilogarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilogarithm

    The dilogarithm along the real axis. In mathematics, the dilogarithm (or Spence's function), denoted as Li 2 (z), is a particular case of the polylogarithm.Two related special functions are referred to as Spence's function, the dilogarithm itself:

  6. Logarithmic number system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_number_system

    An LNS can be considered as a floating-point number with the significand being always equal to 1 and a non-integer exponent. This formulation simplifies the operations of multiplication, division, powers and roots, since they are reduced down to addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, respectively.

  7. List of integrals of logarithmic functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_integrals_of...

    Note: x > 0 is assumed throughout this article, and the constant of integration is omitted for simplicity. Integrals involving only logarithmic functions

  8. Logarithmic scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale

    The top left graph is linear in the X- and Y-axes, and the Y-axis ranges from 0 to 10. A base-10 log scale is used for the Y-axis of the bottom left graph, and the Y-axis ranges from 0.1 to 1000. The top right graph uses a log-10 scale for just the X-axis, and the bottom right graph uses a log-10 scale for both the X axis and the Y-axis.

  9. Bertrand's postulate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand's_postulate

    All instances of log(x) without a subscript base should be interpreted as a natural logarithm, also commonly written as ln(x) or log e (x Existence of a prime number between any number and its double In number theory , Bertrand's postulate is the theorem that for any integer n > 3 {\displaystyle n>3} , there exists at least one prime number p ...