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Phthalocyanine (H 2 Pc) is a large, aromatic, macrocyclic, organic compound with the formula (C 8 H 4 N 2) 4 H 2 and is of theoretical or specialized interest in chemical dyes and photoelectricity. It is composed of four isoindole units [ a ] linked by a ring of nitrogen atoms.
The 15th and 16th chlorides are difficult to install. The chemical formula usually ranges from C 32 H 3 Cl 13 CuN 8 to C 32 HCl 15 CuN 8. Due to the presence of strongly electronegative chlorine substituents, the absorption spectrum is shifted from that of the parent copper phthalocyanine.
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
Although absorption is rather low in this spectral range, it still contributes to the overall attenuation of tissue. Figure 3: The molar extinction coefficients of eumelanin and pheomelanin. [5] Other tissue components with less significant contributions to the total absorption spectrum of tissue are melanin and fat.
The substance, IUPAC name (29H,31H-phthalocyaninato(2−)-N29,N30,N31,N32)copper(II), is known by many names [2] such as monastral blue, phthalo blue, helio blue, [3] thalo blue, Winsor blue, [4] phthalocyanine blue, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:2, [5] [6] copper phthalocyanine blue, [7] copper tetrabenzoporphyrazine, [8] Cu-phthaloblue, [9] P.B.15.2, [10] [11] [12] C.I. 74160, [13] [14] [15] and ...
Absorption half-life 1 h, elimination half-life 12 h. Biological half-life ( elimination half-life , pharmacological half-life ) is the time taken for concentration of a biological substance (such as a medication ) to decrease from its maximum concentration ( C max ) to half of C max in the blood plasma .
Cyanine dyes are used to label proteins, antibodies, peptides, nucleic acid probes, and any kind of other biomolecules to be used in a variety of fluorescence detection techniques: flow cytometry, microscopy (mainly the visible range, but also UV and IR), microplate assays, microarrays, as well as "light-up probes," and in vivo imaging.
When cells that have absorbed photosensitizers are exposed to a specific wavelength of light, the photosensitizer produces a form of oxygen, called an oxygen radical, that kills them. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may also damage blood vessels in the tumor, which prevents it from receiving the blood it needs to keep growing.