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  2. Turing (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_(programming_language)

    Turing was widely used in high schools in Ontario as an introduction to programming. [2] On November 28, 2007, Turing, which was previously a commercial programming language, became freeware, available to download from the developer's website free of charge for personal, commercial, and educational use. [3] [4] [5]

  3. Termination analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termination_analysis

    The termination analysis is even more difficult than the Halting problem: the termination analysis in the model of Turing machines as the model of programs implementing computable functions would have the goal of deciding whether a given Turing machine is a total Turing machine, and this problem is at level of the arithmetical hierarchy and ...

  4. Turing completeness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_completeness

    In computability theory, a system of data-manipulation rules (such as a model of computation, a computer's instruction set, a programming language, or a cellular automaton) is said to be Turing-complete or computationally universal if it can be used to simulate any Turing machine [1] [2] (devised by English mathematician and computer scientist Alan Turing).

  5. Turing machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_machine

    Turing completeness is the ability for a computational model or a system of instructions to simulate a Turing machine. A programming language that is Turing complete is theoretically capable of expressing all tasks accomplishable by computers; nearly all programming languages are Turing complete if the limitations of finite memory are ignored.

  6. Python (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)

    Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision not completely backward-compatible with earlier versions. Python 2.7.18, released in 2020, was the last release of Python 2. [37] Python consistently ranks as one of the most popular programming languages, and has gained widespread use in the machine learning community. [38] [39] [40] [41]

  7. Rule 110 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_110

    Among the 88 possible unique elementary cellular automata, Rule 110 is the only one for which Turing completeness has been directly proven, although proofs for several similar rules follow as simple corollaries (e.g. Rule 124, which is the horizontal reflection of Rule 110). Rule 110 is arguably the simplest known Turing complete system. [2] [5]

  8. Halting problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting_problem

    The halting problem is a decision problem about properties of computer programs on a fixed Turing-complete model of computation, i.e., all programs that can be written in some given programming language that is general enough to be equivalent to a Turing machine. The problem is to determine, given a program and an input to the program, whether ...

  9. Ken Thompson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Thompson

    A recipient of the Turing award, [3] he is considered one of the greatest computer programmers of all time. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Other notable contributions included his work on regular expressions and early computer text editors QED and ed , the definition of the UTF-8 encoding, and his work on computer chess that included the creation of endgame ...