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The Indian Wars of the early 18th century, combined with the increasing importation of African slaves, effectively ended the Native American slave trade by 1750. Colonists found that Native American slaves could easily escape, as they knew the country. The wars cost the lives of numerous colonial slave traders and disrupted their early societies.
Native Americans were rewarded if they returned people who had escaped from slavery, and African-Americans were rewarded for fighting in the late 19th-century Indian Wars. [ 24 ] [ 31 ] [ 32 ] Africans held in slavery replaced Native American enslavement and eventually many Native Americans were pushed off their land and forced to move westward.
Native American slaves were in the households of many prominent New Mexicans, including the governor and Kit Carson. [ 90 ] [ 91 ] Black slaves, in contrast, were vanishingly rare. [ 92 ] The Compromise of 1850 allowed New Mexico to choose its own stance on slavery, and in 1859, it was formally legalized. [ 93 ]
During the 17th and 18th centuries, Native American slavery, the enslavement of Native Americans by European colonists, was common. Many of these Native slaves were exported to the Northern colonies and to off-shore colonies, especially the "sugar islands" of the Caribbean.
By 1715 the Native American slave population in the Carolina colony was estimated at 1,850. [11] Prior to 1720, when it ended the Native American slave trade, Carolina exported as many or more Native American slaves than it imported Africans. [3] [4] [5] This trade system involved the Westo tribe, who had previously come down from further north.
The sailing of slaves in the domestic slave trade is known as "sold down the river," indicating slaves being sold from Louisville, Kentucky which was a slave trading city and supplier of slaves. Louisville, Kentucky, Virginia, and other states in the Upper South supplied slaves to the Deep South carried on boats going down the Mississippi River ...
Indian slaves in the 17th century became colonial New Mexico's most valuable product, [5] but the Indian population of the Americas declined precipitously, mostly from Old World diseases but partly because of slavery and war, after contact with Europeans. The Pueblos in New Mexico may have numbered 60,000 in the mid 16th century, but by 1680 ...
In the 20th century, Native Americans served in significant numbers during World War II, marking a turning point for Indigenous visibility and involvement in broader American society. Post-war, Native activism grew, with movements such as the American Indian Movement (AIM) drawing attention to Indigenous rights.