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The Muslim armies under Saladin captured or killed the vast majority of the Crusader forces, removing their capability to wage war. [17] As a direct result of the battle, Muslims once again became the eminent military power in the Holy Land, re-capturing Jerusalem and most of the other Crusader-held cities and castles. [17]
An-Nasir Dawud resisted, incensed by the Ayyubid-Crusader truce. [96] Al-Kamil's forces reached Damascus to enforce the proposed agreement in May 1229. The ensuing siege levied significant pressure on the inhabitants, but they rallied to an-Nasir Dawud, having been supportive of his father's stable rule and angered at the treaty with Frederick.
The Seljuk–Crusader war began when the First Crusade wrested territory from the Seljuk Turks during the Siege of Nicaea in 1097 and lasted until 1128 when Zengi became atabeg of Aleppo. At the latter date, the chief threat to the Crusaders from the east and north became the Zengids. The conflict was generally fought between European Crusaders ...
Encouraged by this victory, the Ayyubids launched another raid, this time towards the Crusader fortress of Acre, which Muslims considered the "Constantinople of Franks." On October 14, the Ayyubid navy sailed towards Acre at night. Acre Port had many ships and merchandise. The Ayyubid navy managed to capture and destroy several ships.
The Egyptian commander Rukn al-Din al-Hijawi proceeded more carefully. Soon his scouts had spotted the Crusader camp and Egyptian archers and slingers occupied the surrounding dunes. The men of Walter of Jaffa were the first to discover the Ayyubid troops, and he called his men to arms and assembled the leaders in the council of war.
The Crusader army's pace was dictated by the infantry and baggage train; the Ayyubid army, being largely mounted, had the advantage of superior mobility. [13] Efforts to burn crops and deny the countryside to the Frankish army were largely ineffective as it could be continuously provisioned from the fleet, which moved south parallel with it.
A part of their force began investing in the Crusader fortress of Kerak, while the other raided the Frankish lordship. [2] Sa'd al-Din Kamshaba led the Ayyubid force against Kerak. [1] The Ayyubid forces probably did not have any artillery so they changed their tactics by unleashing a loose blockade to starve the garrison. [2]
A few crusader victories, notably at Montgisard and a failed Ayyubid siege of Tiberias allowed the crusaders to stave off defeat until 1187. By 1189 the crusader realm had been diminished beyond all strength and relied increasingly on politically motivated and inexperienced western reinforcements.