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  2. Pauli exclusion principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauli_exclusion_principle

    This model is described by a quantum nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In momentum space, the exclusion principle is valid also for finite repulsion in a Bose gas with delta-function interactions, [ 9 ] as well as for interacting spins and Hubbard model in one dimension, and for other models solvable by Bethe ansatz .

  3. Scientific modelling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_modelling

    Scientific modelling is an activity that produces models representing empirical objects, phenomena, and physical processes, to make a particular part or feature of the world easier to understand, define, quantify, visualize, or simulate.

  4. Complementarity (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementarity_(physics)

    Physicists F.A.M. Frescura and Basil Hiley have summarized the reasons for the introduction of the principle of complementarity in physics as follows: [10] In the traditional view, it is assumed that there exists a reality in space-time and that this reality is a given thing, all of whose aspects can be viewed or articulated at any given moment.

  5. Research question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_question

    A research question is "a question that a research project sets out to answer". [1] Choosing a research question is an essential element of both quantitative and qualitative research . Investigation will require data collection and analysis, and the methodology for this will vary widely.

  6. IMRAD - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMRAD

    Fig.1: Wineglass model for IMRaD structure. The above scheme shows how to line up the information in IMRaD writing. It has two characteristics: the first is its top-bottom symmetric shape; the second is its change of width, meaning the top is wide, and it narrows towards the middle, and then widens again as it goes down toward the bottom.

  7. Quizlet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quizlet

    Quizlet was founded in October 2005 by Andrew Sutherland, who at the time was a 15-year old student, [2] and released to the public in January 2007. [3] Quizlet's primary products include digital flash cards , matching games , practice electronic assessments , and live quizzes.

  8. Hubbard model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubbard_model

    The Hubbard model is based on the tight-binding approximation from solid-state physics, which describes particles moving in a periodic potential, typically referred to as a lattice. For real materials, each lattice site might correspond with an ionic core, and the particles would be the valence electrons of these ions.

  9. Theoretical physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_physics

    Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain, and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics , which uses experimental tools to probe these phenomena.