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A neonatal seizure is a seizure in a baby younger than age 4-weeks that is identifiable by an electrical recording of the brain. [1] It is an occurrence of abnormal, paroxysmal, and persistent ictal rhythm with an amplitude of 2 microvolts in the electroencephalogram,. [2]
Similar to non-familial neonatal seizures, familial seizures may be focal, multifocal clonic, or tonic. The key to diagnosis is a family history of similar events and a normal neurological exam. Seizures occur between a few days to a few weeks of life and resolve by 5 months of age (range 5 days to 2 years).
Benign familial neonatal seizures (BFNS), also referred to as benign familial neonatal epilepsy (BFNE), is a rare autosomal dominant inherited form of seizures. This condition manifests in newborns as brief and frequent episodes of tonic-clonic seizures with asymptomatic periods in between. [ 2 ]
[3] [8] If a seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes, it is a medical emergency (status epilepticus) and needs immediate treatment. [3] [5] [9] Seizures can be classified as provoked or unprovoked. [3] [6] Provoked seizures have a cause that can be fixed, such as low blood sugar, alcohol withdrawal, high fever, recent stroke, and recent head trauma.
Benign infantile epilepsy (BIE), also known as benign infantile seizures (BIS), is an epilepsy syndrome of which several forms have been described. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classify two main forms of the syndrome (familial and nonfamilial) [ 1 ] though several other forms have been described in the academic literature.
Benign familial infantile epilepsy is not genetically related to benign familial neonatal epilepsy (BFNE), which occurs in neonates. However, a variation with seizure onset between two days and seven months called benign familial neonatal–infantile seizures (BFNIS) has been described, which is due to a mutation in the SCN2A gene. [2]
Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by intractable seizures in the prenatal and neonatal period. The disorder was first recognized in the 1950s, with the first description provided by Hunt et al. in 1954.
She has investigated sleep-disordered breathing (the apnea-hypopnea index) in neonates with spinal cord dysraphism, [29] in infants under 3 months of age, [30] and in neonates admitted to the NICU due to risk for seizures. [31] She has studied ways to improve NICU design and care in the NICU to improve neonatal sleep. [32] [33] [34] [35]