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The value for a normal QT interval is similar in males and females from birth up to adolescence. During infancy, a normal QTc is defined as 400 ± 20 milliseconds. Before puberty, the 99th percentile of QTc values is 460 milliseconds. After puberty, this value increases to 470 milliseconds in males and 480 milliseconds in females. [citation needed]
If there is not a very high or low heart rate, the upper limits of QT can roughly be estimated by taking QT = QTc at a heart rate of 60 beats per minute (bpm), and subtracting 0.02 s from QT for every 10 bpm increase in heart rate. For example, taking normal QTc ≤ 0.42 s, QT would be expected to be 0.42 s or less at a heart rate of 60 bpm.
Sedation is very common, and extrapyramidal side effects are common and include restlessness, dystonic reactions, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia; the extrapyramidal symptoms can affect 2% of people at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of people. [18] [19]
Long QT syndrome, or LQTS, is when somebody’s QT interval is longer than normal, which should typically be less than half of a cardiac cycle. In fact, for a heart rate of 60 beats per minute, the QT interval’s generally considered to be abnormally long when it’s greater than 440 milliseconds in males or 460 milliseconds in females.
The QTc is less than 450 ms in 95% of normal males, and less than 460 ms in 95% of normal females. LQTS is suggested if the QTc is longer than these cutoffs. However, as 5% of normal people also fall into this category, some suggest cutoffs of 470 and 480 ms for males and females respectively, corresponding with the 99th centiles of normal values.
Findings range Quality of evidence Adverse effects Weight gain: 5 times more likely to have considerable weight gain, around 40% with chlorpromazine gaining weight: RR 4.9 CI 2.3 to 10.4: Very low (estimate of effect uncertain) Sedation: 3 times more likely to cause sedation, around 30% with chlorpromazine: RR 2.8 CI 2.3 to 3.5 Acute movement ...
Fortunately, the risk of lactic acidosis is a rare side effect of metformin. If you experience serious side effects, seek medical advice immediately. Things can worsen quickly if you don’t get ...
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