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In polymer chemistry, cationic polymerization is a type of chain growth polymerization in which a cationic initiator transfers charge to a monomer, which then becomes reactive. This reactive monomer goes on to react similarly with other monomers to form a polymer .
Although many sources talk about synthetic pH sensitive polymers, natural polymers can also display pH-responsive behavior. Examples include chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginic acid and dextran. [1] Chitosan, a frequently used example, is cationic. Since DNA is negatively charged, DNA could be attached to chitosan as a way to deliver genes to ...
Polyelectrolytes that bear both cationic and anionic repeat groups are called polyampholytes. The competition between the acid-base equilibria of these groups leads to additional complications in their physical behavior. These polymers usually only dissolve when sufficient added salt screens the interactions between oppositely charged segments.
Living cationic polymerization is a living polymerization technique involving cationic propagating species. [1] [2] It enables the synthesis of very well defined polymers (low molar mass distribution) and of polymers with unusual architecture such as star polymers and block copolymers and living cationic polymerization is therefore as such of commercial and academic interest.
Polyisoprene of latex rubber is an example of a natural polymer, and the polystyrene of styrofoam is an example of a synthetic polymer. In biological contexts, essentially all biological macromolecules —i.e., proteins (polyamides), nucleic acids (polynucleotides), and polysaccharides —are purely polymeric, or are composed in large part of ...
cationic. Examples: ammoniums: RNH 3 + polar, uncharged groups. Examples are alcohols with large R groups, such as diacyl glycerol (DAG), and oligo ethylene glycol with long alkyl chains. Often, amphiphilic species have several lipophilic parts, several hydrophilic parts, or several of both. Proteins and some block copolymers are such examples.
Polymers, typically mixed with a plasticizer do not have this problem, which increases their desirability. [2] [3] Additionally, the high processability of compatible polymers results in simpler design and construction of the chemical cell. Polymer electrolytes also resist electrode volume changes associated with the charge and discharge of a cell.
In polymer chemistry, ionic polymerization is a chain-growth polymerization in which active centers are ions or ion pairs. [2] It can be considered as an alternative to radical polymerization, and may refer to anionic polymerization or cationic polymerization. [3] As with radical polymerization, reactions are initiated by a reactive compound.