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Bullying is abusive social interaction between peers and can include aggression, harassment, and violence. Bullying is typically repetitive and enacted by those who are in a position of power over the victim. A growing body of research illustrates a significant relationship between bullying and emotional intelligence.
The educational effects on victims of school violence and bullying are significant. Violence and bullying at the hands of students may make the victims afraid to go to school and interfere with their ability to concentrate in class or participate in school activities. [118] It can also have similar effects on bystanders.
Physical bullying is rarely the first form of bullying that a victim will experience. Often, bullying will begin in a different form and later progress to physical violence . In physical bullying, the main weapon the bully uses is their body, or some part thereof; or an object as a weapon when attacking their victim.
Violence and bullying in schools violate the rights of children and adolescents, including their right to education and health. Studies show that school violence and bullying harm the academic performance, physical and mental health, and emotional well-being of those who are victimized. [2] It also has a detrimental effect on perpetrators and ...
Examples include reducing media violence, reshaping social norms, and restructuring educational systems. [40] The strategies are rarely used and difficult to implement. Now Is The Time is a federal initiative developed in 2013 in response to the growing number of gun related school violence incidents.
Victimology is the study of victimization, including the psychological effects on victims, the relationship between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system—that is, the police and courts, and corrections officials—and the connections between victims and other social groups and institutions, such as the media, businesses, and social movements.
Results showed that victims reported lower levels of self-esteem than did bullies and nonbullies/nonvictims. Additionally, victims had the highest depression scores as compared to bullies and nonbullies/nonvictims. [26] Research progress has also been made into recent mediums of victimization and bullying, notably online victimization.
Elias, Robert, The Politics of Victimization: Victims, Victimology, and Human Rights (1986) Finkelhor, David Childhood Victimization: Violence, Crime, and Abuse in the Lives of Young People (Interpersonal Violence) (2008) Harris, Monica J. Bullying, Rejection, & Peer Victimization: A Social Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective (2009)