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o-Xylene (ortho-xylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C 6 H 4 (CH 3) 2, with two methyl substituents bonded to adjacent carbon atoms of a benzene ring (the ortho configuration). It is a constitutional isomer of m -xylene and p -xylene , the mixture being called xylene or xylenes.
Xylene is used in the laboratory to make baths with dry ice to cool reaction vessels, [17] and as a solvent to remove synthetic immersion oil from the microscope objective in light microscopy. [18] In histology, xylene is the most widely used clearing agent. [19] Xylene is used to remove paraffin from dried microscope slides prior to staining.
S o solid? J/(mol K) Heat capacity, c p? J/(mol K) Liquid properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o liquid: −24.4 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 247 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o: −4552 kJ/mol Heat capacity, c p: 187.0 J/(mol K) at 25°C Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o gas: 19.0 ...
Many different solvents are suitable, including sulfolane (C 4 H 8 O 2 S), furfural (C 5 H 4 O 2), tetraethylene glycol (C 8 H 18 O 5), dimethylsulfoxide (C 2 H 6 OS), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (C 5 H 9 NO). Below is a schematic flow diagram of one method, involving extractive distillation, for extraction of the BTX aromatics from a catalytic ...
Ethylbenzene is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 CH 2 CH 3.It is a highly flammable, colorless liquid with an odor similar to that of gasoline.This monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is important in the petrochemical industry as a reaction intermediate in the production of styrene, the precursor to polystyrene, a common plastic material.
A more modern synthesis is similar: the hydrolysis of the related tetrabromo-o-xylene using potassium oxalate, followed by purification by steam distillation. [2] The reactivity of OPA is complicated by the fact that in water it forms both a mono- and dihydrate, C 6 H 4 (CHO)(CH(OH) 2) and C 6 H 4 (CH(OH)) 2 O, respectively. Its reactions with ...
The p-xylene is then separated out in a series of distillation, adsorption or crystallization and reaction processes from the m-xylene, o-xylene, and ethylbenzene. Its melting point is the highest among this series of isomers, but simple crystallization does not allow easy purification due to the formation of eutectic mixtures.
Cycloadditions of these o-xylylenes provides a pathway to acenes. [10] The diene unit formed by the two exocyclic alkene units of the ortho isomer can serve as a ligand in coordination complexes. For example, reaction of α,α'-dibromo-o-xylene with iron carbonyls affords low yields of the xylylene complex Fe(CO) 3 [η 4-C 6 H 4 (CH 2) 2].