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The dentate gyrus has toothlike projections from which it is named. [6] The subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus is one of only two major sites of adult neurogenesis in the brain, and is found in many mammals. [7] The other main site is the subventricular zone in the ventricular system. Other sites may include the striatum and the cerebellum.
The subgranular zone is a narrow layer of cells located between the granule cell layer and hilus of the dentate gyrus. [1] This layer is characterized by several types of cells, the most prominent type being neural stem cells (NSCs) in various stages of development.
The subgranular zone (SGZ), part of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, [4] [5] where neural stem cells give birth to granule cells (implicated in memory formation and learning). [6] The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles, which can be divided into three microdomains: lateral, dorsal and medial. [7]
In the subgranular zone in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, NSCs differentiate into granule cells. These new granule cells are implicated in memory formation and learning. [3] The number of granule cells generated in the dentate gyrus each month is approximately 6% of the total population of dentate gyrus neurons. [3]
Along with the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, the subventricular zone serves as a source of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the process of adult neurogenesis. It harbors the largest population of proliferating cells in the adult brain of rodents, monkeys and humans. [12]
An in vitro and in vivo study found that DMT present in the ayahuasca infusion promotes neurogenesis on the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. [31] A study showed that a low dose (0.1 mg/kg) of psilocybin given to mice increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus 2 weeks after administration, while a high dose (1 mg/kg ...
The principal cell type of the dentate gyrus is the granule cell. The dentate gyrus granule cell has an elliptical cell body with a width of approximately 10 μm and a height of 18μm. [3] The granule cell has a characteristic cone-shaped tree of spiny apical dendrites.
Typically, the hippocampal formation is said to included the dentate gyrus, the hippocampus, and the subiculum. [2] The presubiculum, parasubiculum, and the entorhinal cortex may also be included. [3] The hippocampal formation is thought to play a role in memory, spatial navigation and control of attention.