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The Constitution gives the federal government primary responsibility for dealing with tribes. Some scholars divide the federal policy toward Indians in six phases: coexistence (1789–1828), removal and reservations (1829–1886), assimilation (1887–1932), reorganization (1932–1945), termination (1946–1960), and self-determination (1961 ...
Lucy Covington , activist for Native American emancipation. [7] Mary Dann and Carrie Dann (Western Shoshone) were spiritual leaders, ranchers, and cultural, spiritual rights and land rights activists. Joe DeLaCruz , Native American leader in Washington, U.S., president for 22 years of the Quinault Tribe of the Quinault Reservation.
Native American Rights Fund [1] National Indian Law Library [2] Indian Law Resource Center [3] Indian Law Research Guides [4] National Tribal Justice Resource Center [5] Native American Law Research Guide (Georgetown Law Library) [6] Tribal Law Gateway ; Native American Constitution and Law Digitization Project; American Indian Law Center, Inc.
The Civil War forged the U.S. into a more centralized and nationalistic country, fueling a "full bore assault on tribal culture and institutions", and pressure for Native Americans to assimilate. [3] In the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871, Congress prohibited any future treaties. This move was steadfastly opposed by Native Americans. [3]
Native American culture was destroyed in order to engineer the cultural assimilation of Native Americans into citizenship, and European American culture and government. Detrimental to his Peace policy was religious agency infighting in addition to Parker's resignation in 1871.
It is considered part of the Northwest Indian Wars, in which native Americans in the Ohio Country clashed with American settlers, seeking to expel them from their territory. Following the American Revolutionary War , the United States government was selling land in the Ohio Country , mostly to companies that promised to develop it.
Early Ohio state culture was a product of Native American cultures, which were pushed away between 1795 and 1843. Many of Native American descent did remain, but had often converted to some form of Christianity, and/ or married into European descended families, so the cultures themselves did not last here.
The New York Evangelist, a periodical that existed for most of the 19th century, wrote a review just after the book was published in which they reiterated Jackson's purpose for writing: to draw attention to the disregard of the rights of Native Americans by the United States government and called on the country to adopt a Christian policy ...